13+Identify+major+developments+in+Chinese+history+in+the+19th+and+early+20th+centuries.

** A. China’s explosive population growth between 1750 and 1850 ** The population explosion created hardships for the peasants.
 * 13 Identify major developments in Chinese history in the 19th and early 20th centuries. **

This increase in population, allowed for more jobs, increase in agriculture productivity, allowed for more people to move to populated trade junctions, and was very beneficial for the country of China

The increase in population called for more resources but took in more hands for working, so the population increase was beneficial.

In the 1700s China had placed strict limits on foreign traders. European merchants were restricted to certain areas where they could trade. During this time China enjoyed a favorable balance of trade by selling silk, porcelain, and tea to merchants in exchange for silver and gold. China had a good exchange going on until the British requested increased trading rights. They wanted to trade Opium for goods, but opium made people addicted and was unbeneficial.

Because China started getting healthier and more clean, people started living longer. Also, there was a growing birth rate, causing a huge population growth.

An advance in agriculture and the overall way of living in China caused an increase in the population in the 19th century. This way of living included more open trade, construction of railroads and schools, and so on. With chinas population growht the british felt like they could use all thoes people but the chineas felt they had better tnings than the britsh and wanted no trading with them.

In this time period there was a great improvement in living cnditions in china due to better farming techniques and industrialization, this led to massive overpopulation.

The increase in population didnt end in famine due to the new techniuqes developed.

This growth population allowed the Chinese to get more job openings.

The ever growing population in China forced new jobs to be made for all the people, which benefited the economy of China because people had money from jobs to spend. ** B. decline of the Manchu dynasty beginning in the late 18th century: ** Also known as Qing Dynasty the decline of the dynasty is by starvation, riots, war between other countries like Britain for trading reasons. By the 1800s, the Qing Dynasty was in decline. Irrigation systems and canals were poorly maintained, leading to massive flooding of the Huang He Valley and its rich farmlands. Official corruption, and tax evasion gave the peasants burden. The civil service system had bribery and cheating scandals.

During the Manchu dynasty the Opium war occured between Britian and China, when China lost they were forced to open up more ports and gave up Hong Kong which gave Britian the upper hand. It also greatly angered the local population of China, they felt the the Manchu dynasty could not keep the British in check, and that action must be taken to preserve their nation.

By the late 1800's the Qing dynasty was declining. the country's canals had not been maintained leading to massive flooding in China's rich farmlands. The population explosive had created terrible hardships on China's peasants. Great poverty also swept the nation. This poverty is what lead to the Taiping rebellion.

The main reason as to why the Manchu Dynasty began to decline in the late 18th century was because of the Opium war that the British started when they began to trade Opium in secret with the people of China.

An unstable authority resulted from the deaths of Cixi and the Guangxu emperor in the year 1908.

The Wuchang Uprising led on October 10, 1911 weakened the Manchu's as several provinces began separating from Manchu control. Fed up with loss of Opium War, with famine and failure, peasants in countryside revolted. This happened after - in the 20th Century.

The causes of the Manchu or Quing dynasty declineing were the opium war with Britain, and several revolts such as the Taiping Rebellion.

** C. growing Western influence: ** China began to recieve influence from the west when the British began trading opium for silver and tea. However when China began losing silver they banned opium which resulted in the opium war which they lost to Britain who had modern boats and the latest guns.

Chinas growing western influence allowed China to gain more resources and weapons and new technology and ideas.

At first Western influences were blocked because the Chinese believed that there wasn't a need for British goods. The british sold them opium which ultimately destroyed the chinese society ultimately landing millions addicted. The growth of influence started when the britsh started winning ports and were able to spred their ideas better and the ways and culture was able to get throught through the major ports like hong kong.

China din't have strong army so when Britain attack China they influence many of the British things like their goods. The Chinese believed that all things that were not created in China were worthless and not as good as the things that they produced. China didn't want any western influence and wanted to keep everything inside China. They thought everything the other countries wanted to trade were worthless and useless. (JB)

The Chinese first felt that they were superior to every other nation, and the farther away you weer from them (geographicaly), the more inferior you were to them. The chinese also disallowed trade with outside influences. However, British merchants still illegaly traded Opium with the Chinese. Eventually, the western European powers carved out spheres of influence throughout China.

When the Qing dynasty in China was declining the Westerners took advantage and started trading with them and using them and spread their culture and ideals throughout China.

China didn't want any Western influence because they believed they were so much better than them. They believed there wasn't a need for them because they already had everything they needed.

China didn't want Western things because they thought the things they had in there country were better.

China was influenced in many ways by westerners. They were influenced through trade, through ear, and especially through the spheres of influence set up by Europeans. They did not want to trade with the British for Chinese goods were better and therefore only traded for silver in only one port city, Canton.

The growing western influence led to many educational and scientific enhancements, for example China built more and more schools to educate it's people, and the industrial revolution brought new ways of transportation and new jobs.

** D. The Opium War: ** The Opium War began when China made opium illegal. The British made a large profit of silver by trading opium to China. The Opium War lasted from 1839-1842. The British won the war because they were more modernized than the Chinese who had inferior ships and weapons.

The war started with the chinese dumping a lot of opium laced with lime into the delta deeming it useless

The opium war started when British traders refused to stop selling opium to the chinese. So then the Chinese took the traders yearly opium, so the traders rebelled by attacking the Chinese, and the British Empire stepped in and defeated the Chinese, forcing open more trade routes, which allowed for more Opium to flow through the Country/

Many Chinese people were addicted to opium, which made the matters worse

The Opium War was when Britian was selling opium to the Chineese which was wrecking the Chineese lives, when the British refused to stop selling Opium to China the war broke out and China lost. China lost the fight and was forced to sign the treaty of Nanking, stating that China had to pay Britain 6 million dollars to Britain for the price of the confiscated opium, forces them to ally with Britain and basically give Britain a lot of things.

The Chinese found that the opium demand was very tough to stop, but they made the selling of opium illegal to try and stop it.

The Opium War was started by the Chinese because the English were trading it to them and it was destroying CHinese lives. They made it illegal to sell Opium and they went to war with the British.\

Britain traded opium for tea in China. china found out the bad effects of opium and wanted britian to stop trading it, Britian continued to trade and the opium war started. (JB)

The Opium War was a war fought between China and Britain over the outlawed (in China) selling of opium to the Chinese people. Britain's imperial navy swiftly crushed China's inferior navy, and the British were successful in winning. The Chinese were then forced to open several new ports where opium would be smuggled through.

The Opium Wat started when Britain started trading opium for silver with China. The Chinese started getting addicted to opium, and the Chinese told them to stop trading. Britain refused, and that caused the war.

The opium war was fought over the illegal drug trade into china, the chinese wanted to stop the opium trade into china because it was destroying the fmily values of china and one out of four people were addicted to the drug.

China thought they were the leading power and had everything, they refused trade with the british and soon were introduced to Opium which caused 1 of 4 people in china addicted to it. then the Chinese attacked the opium merchants and took all of it and dumped it into a pit mixed it with lime and flushed it into the river. The british were mad and they went to war and China loss due to advanced weaponry of the British so the Chinese loss and had to pay 21 mil onces of siver, gave them Hong Kong and had to open more trade for westerners.

The ending of the opium war is commonly regarded as the begging of modern china because it was the event that made them finally realized that they needed to take some of the western influence in order to become an overall success as a country. They also realized that the feudal system in china needed to be reformed.

The opium war started with the British East India Trading Company and britian found opium in india and they made money trading silver for opium.

In the Opium war between Britain and China, Britain benefited because even though China didn't want to trade with Britain, the people became adicted to opium and needed to buy it from British sellers.

** E. The Taiping rebellion from 1850 to 1864: ** The Taiping Rebellion from 1850-1864 was a 14 year rebellion in which peasants rebelled as a result of poverty and misery. However the government crushed the rebellion. The Qin dynasty stayed in control and over 20 million people died.

The Taiping rebellion was a rebellion issued by a group of Indian peasants against the British. It was like a Civil War in Southern China lead by Hong Xiuquan who failed the civil service test. 20 -30 million people died in total A rebellion of peasants and farmers. They wanted more rights and better treatment. Inside China the rebellion faced resistance from the traditionalist middle class because of their hostility to Chinese customs.

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion was Hong Xiuquan. He was influenced by Christian missionaries and endorsed radical social ideas including land reform, community ownership of property, equality of women and men, and strict morality.

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, against the ruling Qing Dynasty. About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history.

The Taiping rebellions is the largest unsuccessful rebellion in history, led to one of the most damaging wars in history, and was started by a man who thought he was Jesus's brother.

Was fought to kick out foreigners. Lasted 12 years from 1852-64 over 20 million people died. (JB)

The Taiping Rebellion was a peasant revolt that lasted fourteen years and was led by Hong Xiquan. An estimated 20-30 million Chinese people died.

The Taiping's eventually won the war and took over rule for 14 years, but where taken down by the government.

The Taiping rebellion was started by Hong Xiuquan. He was inspired by Christian missionaries and wanted to end the Qing dynasty. The Taiping was the group of his followers that ended up winning control of large parts of China.

The Taiping rebellion was a peasant rebellion started by Hong Xiuquan, who was influenced by christian missionaries. It took the lives of 20-21 million people and lasted 14 years.

This Rebellion was led by Hong Xuiquan was a failed attempt to kick out western influence out of the region, the Chinese at the time were not in a good state after osing the opium war and multiple other things they were in bad times. The aftermath of the rebellion was over 20 million people killed.

** F. The Boxer Rebellion: **

As Western presence increased another Rebellion started, the Boxer Rebellion. The Rebellion crushed and foreign involvement in China would not end.

The Boxer Uprising was a revolt by the Righteous Harmonious Fists wanted to drive the "Western Devils" out of China. They attacked many communiteis across China that were populated by foreigners.Western countries and Japan united and crushed the rebellion.

The Boxer rebellion got its name fro m the fact that the British were heavily armed and the Indians were fighting with their hands. Boxer who are Chinese hated any outside product for example Britian and France. The Boxer's were primarily the government who did this. The townspeople did't have a say in it. Boxers were trained by martial arts specialists and were anti-foriegners.

The Boxer rebellion happened in Northern India **(No! Northern China)** and they believed that they would not be harmed by British weapons.

A failed attempt to remove the westerners from Chinese society. A secret anti-foreign group of Chinese wanted to cleanse China of western ways. In 1900 the Boxers attacks foreign communities all throughout China but were crushed when western powers organized a multi-national force. (JB)

The Boxer Rebellion was when a secret society of Chinese fighters wanted to kick the "foreign devils" out of their land. The westerners called the group Boxers because of their skill in martial arts.

The boxer rebellion was an attempt by the Society of Righteous Harmonious Fists, a group of people that were believed to have superpowers, against the foreigners. The Society was infavor of a more traditional way of life.

** G. Sun Yat-Sen and the 1911 nationalist revolution: **

In the early 1900s he organized the revolutionary Alliance. His goal was to rebuild China in the "Three Principles of the People" which were nationalism (freeing China from foreign domination), democracy (representative government), and "livelihood" (economic security for all Chinese).

In 1911 there uprisings began when their leader Ci Xi died and Sun Yat-Sen quickly took over and became the first president of the Chinese Republic.

The Chinese wanted to be rid of foreign influence and in 1911 their King Ci Xi died and Sun Yat-Sen came into power, instituted Nationalism and started a new China.

The people in china were mainly Hans however the government was dominated by a minority group called the Manchus. The revolution to reform the government ultimately resulted in the forming of the communist party in china. ====The western influences that were growing were the opium that was helping them gain money from trading. ====