09+Explain+the+impact+of+various+social+and+political+reforms+and+reform+movements+in+Europe

** A. liberalism, including Chartism: ** Chartism was the first mass working class work movement in the world and started in the United Kingdom. In 1842 they sent the parliament a letter asking for equal rights that was signed my 3 and a half million people. One of the 6 main aims of Peoples Charter is //A vote for every man twenty-one years of age, of sound mind, and not undergoing punishment for crime.//
 * Explain the impact of various social and political reforms and reform movements in Europe (113, 150-153):**

Chartism was a movement in Great Britain during the 1830s and 1840s.

** B. child labor laws, and social legislation such as old age pensions and health and unemployment insurance: ** Child labor laws impacted European kids because they no longer could work to support there families but now how to go to school to get educated. With less children in the factories and more limited hours, the factories got less production done and had to up the price of their goods. This could make basic foods such as bread unaffordable for some.

Child labor laws induced by the Sadler committee stated that children under 12 years of age cannot work in factories. When there are less working hours for children, that means that there is likely to be less accidents working in the mills.

Many factory workers were children. They worked long hours and were often treated badly by the supervisors or overseers. Sometimes the children started work as young as four or five years old. A young child could not earn much, but even a few pence would be enough to buy food. Children as young as six years of age were forced to work in the mills for little pay for up to 19 hours a day with only one hour of break. Child labor laws changed a lot for families depending on their children(s)' incomes, however children wouldn't risk getting hurt in the mills. Health/unemployment insurance offered a back-up for those needing it, if something were to go bad.

The child labor laws restricted the age of working to 12 and the children could only work a certain amount of time a day. Old age pensions allowed a retirement fund for the old workers who cannot work anymore and health insurance paid for medical bills that could be caused either inside or outside the factories.

**C. the expansion of voting rights:** ** The new voting rights gave any men to vote, that made the decisions more fair due to more people voting. ** Voting Rights changed greatly throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, with the Reform Act of 1832, which gave representation to previously underrepresented urban areas and extended the qualifications for voting