12+Identify+major+developments+in+Indian+history+in+the+19th+and+early+20th+century.

12 Identify major developments in Indian history in the 19th and early 20th century. ** A. the economic and political relationship between India and Britain **

Britain began expanded its empire into Asia when the East India Company began operating in India. The British grew Opium which they sold to China for large profits of silver. After the failed Sepoy mutiny in 1857 Britain took India under direct control of the royal crown and India became a territory of the British empire. The British modernized India and made profits from selling cash crops.

India was being used by Britain for its resources so they could make money and use cheap labor by the indians

British control in India was fought by many Indians because they wanted to be treated as equals and govern themselves. The ones that were given a western education knew better than to be treated the way they were being so they fought back. The British made many profits by switching India's food crops to cash crops like cotton to make textiles. This caused much widespread famine in India.

**Mercantilism** occurred between India and Britain. By India as a colony and Britain as the Motherland. So pure products would be established to make a product and shipped to Britain to be sold at a higher price to max out profit. The British Empire ruled over India and gained many resources and trading substances such as Opium which was used to trade with China. India was considered the crown jewel of the British Empire because it had the most resources which in turn made Britain the most profits. After the British forced local Indians into the army, they sent some over seas, which was agaisnt the Indian religion, along with the cow and pig fat-greased bullets, it led to much anger among the Indian and Muslim population of India. Indians were forced to be sepoys but were mistreated when the bullet sacks they had to bite were greased with pig f In the early 1900s, protests and resistance to British rule was increased. More Indians demanded self rule and independence, because the British had controlled to much of what India owned. Britain used India for its resources and for trading but when they realized could not see eye to eye on religion and could never work with each other and accept so the fought and rebelled.

Britain took over India using India's diversity against itself. British East India Company took control of India. Blundes in British policy lead to the Sepoy Rebellion. (JB)

The economic relationship between Great Britain and India was **mercantilism**. Mercantilism is an economic system in which raw products are made in the colony (in this case, India) and are then shipped to the mother country (Great Britain) where they are manufactured into finished products. In this system, Britain benefits the most.

After the British Empire got a strong foot hold in India they made many changes in the country, and mainly for the benefit of themselves, for example getting sepoy troops and forcing them to serve.

The British East India Trading Company was beneficial to Britain's economy because it was their major source for cash crops, men for their army, and trade with very little cost to the British.

The British East India Trading company was put in place to rule India and to conduct trade. It was a very one-sided deal since India did not benefit much from this. This one-sidedness led to the Sepoy rebellion.

Sepoy soldiers were forced to travel, bite bullets greased with animal fat and a new law was formed stating Hindu woman could remarry. These things broke Hindu and Muslim religion and led to the Sepoy Rebellion. They wanted to bring Western culture ideas over to modernize India to make profit out of India. make profit by making it easier to travel for trading.

The economic relationship between India and Britain started off with the British east India company, which was a company that traded goods from india back to britain. Eventually, after the rebellions, India became a colony under the rule of the queen. And things went on like that until 1948. The British East India Trading Company was benificail to britain because it provided its only way of trading with China.

** B. the building of roads, canals, railroads, and universities **

When Britain took control of India after the Sepoy mutiny, their two main goals were to modernize India and make profits from trade. They built roads and railroads to create a trade network across India. They even built universities to educate Indians.

The British needed easier ways of traveling throughout the country and they built these roads canals and railways, they also lead to a further industrialization and modernization of india

The East India Trading Company tried to maintain peace when in control of India. They built roads, canals railroads, universities and westernized schools. British East India Company was first for only trading purposes, then they later was also for building schools, roads, ect.

In the 19th century, India was not marked by any noteworthy philosophical achievements, but the period was one of great social and religious reform movement s. The newly founded universities introduced Indian intellectuals to Western thought like philosophies in England, and John Stuart Mill, Jeremy Bentham, and Herbert Spencer had become the most influential thinkers in the Indian universities by the end of the century.

The installation of roads, canals, railroads and universities advanced India with education so the economy was boosted and with the roads, railroads, and canals helped expand the trade into other regions which gave India and in turn Britian wealth.

The building of these made India more prosperous in becoming westernized.Further advancements were made starting with roads, rivers, railroads, and universities. Which allowed for better transportation, agriculture, and education, all fundamental for a successful civilization.

British officials introduced western education and legal procedures while missionaries attempted to convert Indians to Christianity because they believed it was superior to the other religions.

Roads, canals, and railroads were built in India to allow the faster transportation of goods, and people throughout India. Also, these roads connected everyone, and with that, ideas of nationalism spread. Universities were built in order to educate the Indian people in western ways and legal procedures.

The building of roads, canals, railways and universities, allowed the people of India to travel throughout India easier and more efficiently. Also the introduction of universities allowed the people of India to become more accustomed to western/european ways. And with this new education the economy boomed as did agriculture, and transportation.

The British built railroads and other means of transportation in India. This made product transportation easier in India. It improved India's living style. This helped Indians commute to places faster and allowed the British to sell their factory-made goods in India, and transport Indian goods to England (Trade soared).

The British built railways and paved roads, which helped India's economy.

Made it easier to travel and transport goods and universities taught uneducated Indians. (JB)

The British wanted to modernize India by building such things as roads, canals, railroads, and universities to help improve trade and the economy and to educate those who were uneducated to benefit themselves.

The British wanted to build modes of transportation (i.e. roads canals, railroads etc) to help them trade easier and help the BEITC benefit, not the Indians.

The East India Trading Company tried to maintain peace in India. Even though their main goal was to make money, they also worked to improve roads, build canals, railroads and schools. When the british built roads in India they had no idea that they were in turn helping out India by modernizing it.

By building roads and canals profits were higher due to more trade in India which is already a center of trade routes by adding these advancements even more money was produced and transportaion was much easier.

The British East India Trading Company tried to help Indians by building roads, canals and universities. These western things were not wanted by Indians.

With the building of roads, canals, and universities, commerce profited, and ideas and influences were more widely spread than they had been. The construction of railways and canals made trading across india and other places more accessible. The British make profit by making it easier to travel for trading.

By building canals and railroads in a colony, a thing that not many colonial powers did, it led to raw materials that fetched large prices getting around faster and therefore leading to more profit, it also made some of the more remote areas in india more easy to get to.

The building of roads, canals, railroads, and universities started when the British East India Company started

The building of better transporation meathods and facilities of education were all brought on by the influence of the Western countries. The influence greatly improved and benefited the people of India. ** C. the rise of Indian nationalism and the influence and ideas of Gandhi ** ====The rise of the Indian nationalism happened in the first half of the 20th century and evolved during the British rules. ==== India's nationalism started to evolve during the years of the British rule. By the late 1800s's western educated Indians were spreaheading a nationalistic movement. Educated in western ideas, like equality and democracy, led to the dream of an inperialism-free India.

Indian nationalism increased through the first half of the 20th century. Mohandas Gandhi led many civil rights movements through civil disobediance for an independent India from Britain and believed in nonviolent protests.

Gandhi believed in a way of settling disputes without fighting. Gandhi gave India its independence without using any weapons/firearms, but by nonviolent protests. He believed in nonviolence. Gandhi proved that it only takes one man to fix the problems of an entire country. He also showed people that they can do what they thought was impossible by giving India independance without ever fighting anyone. He also showed that freedom can be achieved without fighting which many people didn't think was possible. Gandhi gave new ideas and ways to india and how peace would be better but if the British were to try and ruin their countries then that would need to do what they could to stop them.

Gandhi, Jinnah and Nehru who became leaders of the Independence movement in the 1920's, were all lawyers trained in Britain

The new laws that the British had made went against Indian culture, for example, a new law was made that allowed widows to remarry, which was not allowed in their society until then. the last insult however, that basically started the Sepoy Rebellion, was when the Indian troops were issued new rifles. to load them they had to bite the tips off of the cartridges, but they were coverd on animal fat and Hindus considered cows to be sacred and the Muslims were forbidden to eat pig.

Mohandas Gandhi told his followers to be disobedient but nonviolent towards the British.

Gandhi showed a younger generation of Indian's that the Brithish could be defeated by winning some battles.

Gandhi wanted to get the point across that the idea of the British taking over India and ruling their lands wasn't okay, and he wanted the Indian people to revolt without causing any violence.

Gandhi influenced the thoughts of nationalism because he believed that India should be self-sufficent and go back to their old ways, making them proud of what their country had accomplished.

Britain used India for their resources and left them with nothing, and then gave them bullet cartridges greased with animal fat, this action was one of the leading causes of the Sepoy rebellion.

Gandhi believed that the people of India needed to revolt, but without using violence. So he spoke. He believed that it wasn't right that the British ruled over India and he believed that India needed to resume to their original ways. And he got India back without fighting and convinced the people that it wasnt right. Gandhi made non-violent revolts for freedom and civil rights.

Gandhi played in active role in world war one by helping to recruit soldiers from idia to fight. he did this by writing in a pamphlet which promoted joining the army.

The rise of indian nationalism begain to happen while India was still under British rule Gandhi lead this effort with many nonviolent rebelions.